Credit Risk Management in Zimbabwe - 5735 Words

European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol 4, No.1, 2012 www.iiste.org An Analysis of the Challenges Faced by Banks in Managing Credit in Zimbabwe Severino Mavhiki1 Denver Mapetere1* Christopher Mhonde,1 1. Faculty of Commerce, Business Management Department, Midlands State University, P bag 9055 Gweru, Zimbabwe * E-mail of the corresponding author: mapetered@msu.ac.zw Abstract The purpose of the study is to analyse the challenges facing banks in managing credit in Zimbabwe in the wake of the multicurrency regime that was introduced in the year 2009. The study is relevant considering that banks have an important role of financing the undercapitalised productive sectors .The chi-square†¦show more content†¦H2: Banks general approach to lending affects the capacity of the bank to manage risk. H3: Loan concentration by banks has increased their risk of exposure. H4: Interbank lending can help reduce exposure. H5: Retention of money by banks can help minimise exposure. 2 Literature review www.iiste.org 2.1 The Concept of Credit management Banks raise funds by collecting deposits from businesses and individual depositors and makes out loans to individuals, businesses and the government through buying bonds. Thus the primary assets of banks are loans and bonds while primary liabilities are made of deposits. According to Saunders and Cornett (2005), a banks balance sheet has loans representing the majority of a banks assets, but the loans come with risk. If the bank makes bad loans to firms or consumers for example, the bank will be in a crisis if those loans are not repaid. Credit management is thus fraught with rewards and risks that need to be balanced through judicious and prudent risk management, failure of which may lead to litigation, financial loss or damage of the banks reputation (RBZ Guideline No. 1 2006). Lending activities have been controversial and a difficult matter especially in developing and emerging countries (Richard 2006). This is because business firms on one ha nd are complaining about lack of credits and theShow MoreRelatedEvaluating The Effectiveness Of Credit Risk Management Tools Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesloans arise from credit risk or default risk which as defined by Jorion(2003) is the risk of an economic loss from the failure of a counterparty to fulfill its contractual obligations. Its effect is measured by the cost of replacing cash flows if the other party defaults. Credit risk can thus be seen to contribute significantly to the profitability of an organization and hence the need to hedge against such risk. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of credit risk management tools which areRead MoreHistorical Background Of Manufacturing Smes1217 Words   |  5 Pagesbackground of manufacturing SMEs in Zimbabwe. The other issues to be highlighted and discussed include problem statement, purpose or justification of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, research hypothesis, significance of the study, resea rch assumptions, scope or delimitations of the study, ethical considerations and a summary. 1.2 Background to the study (60) Small to medium enterprises (SMEs) have become increasingly important to Zimbabwe s economic growth. Given the increasingRead MoreNon Perfoming Loans in Commercial Banks in Zimbabwe Is Now a Cause of Concern as It Is Threatening the Survival of Banks Bit by Bit3446 Words   |  14 PagesJournal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 3(6): 882-886  © Scholarlink Research Institute Journals, 2012 (ISSN: 2141-7024 jetems.scholarlinkresearch.org Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 3(6):882-886 (ISSN:2141-7024) Journal of Emerging Trends in Insights on Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from Zimbabwean Commercial Banks in a Dollarised Environment (2009-2012) 1 Laurine Chikoko, 2Tendekayi Mutambanadzo and 3Takaiona Vhimisai 1 Department of Banking and FinanceRead MoreThe Impact of Effective Credit Risk Management on Bank Survival5286 Words   |  22 PagesEFFECTIVE CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ON BANK SURVIVAL * KOSMAS NJANIKE ABSTRACT: A number of financial institutions have collapsed or experienced financial problems due to inefficient credit risk management systems. The study seeks to evaluate the extent to which failure to effectively manage credit risk led to Zimbabwe’s banks’ demise in 2003/2004 bank crisis. It also seeks to establish other factors that led to the banking crisis and to outline the components of an effective credit risk management systemRead MoreEffectiveness Of Working Capital Management Essay2136 Words   |  9 Pagesprevious chapter. The findings and discussions give an overview to the management team on what needs attention 5.2 Summary of critical features (80%) The research set out to analyse the effectiveness of working capital management systems in improving the profitability of manufacturing SMEs in Zimbabwe. The primary objective of the research was to analyse the working capital needs of SMEs,to establish whether working capital management systems have an impact on the profitability of a SMEs so as to provideRead MoreEffectiveness Of Working Capital Management Essay2832 Words   |  12 Pagesprevious chapter. The findings and discussions give an overview to the management team on what needs attention 5.2 Summary of critical features The research set out to analyse the effectiveness of working capital management systems in improving the profitability of manufacturing SMEs in Zimbabwe. The primary objective of the research was to analyse the working capital needs of SMEs,to establish whether working capital management systems have an impact on the profitability of a SMEs so as to provideRead MoreEffectiveness Of Working Capital Management Essay2137 Words   |  9 Pagesprevious chapter. The findings and discussions give an overview to the management team on what needs attention 5.2 Summary of critical features The research set out to analyse the effectiveness of working capital management systems in improving the profitability of manufacturing SMEs in Zimbabwe. The primary objective of the research was to analyse the working capital needs of SMEs, to establish whether working capital management systems have an impact on the profitability of a SMEs so as to provideRead MoreHistory of the Banking Idustry in Zimbabwe3381 Words   |  14 PagesThe History of the Banking Industry in Zimbabwe It is important to analyse and evaluate the banking structure in Zimbabwe for us to appreciation how IT will really fit in. The Zimbabwe’s Banking sector is relatively sophisticated, consisting of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, Discount Houses, Commercial Banks, Merchant Banks, Finance Houses, Building Societies and The Post Office Savings Bank. The development of the Zimbabwean banking sector can be analysed within three separate periods, which theRead MoreFinancial Management Systems Are Of Great Importance To1584 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial management systems are of great importance to business success. There are many reasons why most firms plunge into financial disaster. Some of these factors include loss of market share, excess debt, management problems and technology changes (Kierulff Peterson, 2009). Specifically, the successful management of working capital is crucial to the success of a business and their survivals to a great extend due to economic volatility. The pace at which new firms are established and the desireRead MoreProduct Innovation Charter5919 Words   |  24 PagesLimited, Kingdom Asset Management and Kingdom Asset management all duly registered as a discount house, asset manager and member of the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange respectively. In 1997 Kingdom Bank Limited and Kingdom Asset Management were registered as an Accepting House and Manager of Collective Investment Schemes respectively. In 1999, Kingdom Financial Holdings merged with Discount Company of Zimbabwe Holdings Limited resulting in the reverse listing of the Group on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange and changed

Essay about The Life of Robert Frost - 1404 Words

ROBERT FROST â€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood and I- I took the road less traveled† How did Robert Frost take the road less traveled in his life? Frost was a poet who lived a hard life. With 6 kids and a wife, he had a lot of people to provide for. He was a man who wore many hats, being a dad, husband, poet, and farmer. Robert was an incredibly gifted man who wrote many famous poems. Robert Frost, a great American poet lived a humble life and changed the world with his profound writing ability. LIFE OF ROBERT FROST Frost was born in 1874 in San Francisco to William Prescott Frost Jr. and Isabella Moodie. After the death of his father he moved with his mother and sister to eastern Massachusetts to be closer to his†¦show more content†¦Frost then became a farmer and a poet to support his growing family and the needs and demands of everyday life. ROBERT FROST’S WRITTEN WORKS Frost is most famous for his poems. â€Å"The clarity of Frost’s diction, the colloquial rhythms, the simplicity of his images, and above all the folksy speaker† that’s what drew in his readers (The Norton Anthology). Some of his more famous poems include â€Å"The Wood-Pile†, â€Å"After Apple-Picking†, and more recognizably is â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. All of the poems are simple, and can pertain to his work on the farm. The outdoors inspired to him to write, many of his poems like â€Å"The Pasture† or â€Å"Mowing† came to him while outside. He enjoyed the outdoors because it soothed him, as did writing. The two went together for him like apples and bananas. Frost achieved an internal dynamic in his poems by combining everyday speech and line and verse (The Norton Anthology). His poems were well taken and the meaning was deep and meaningful, which is what makes a good poem. While writing Frost faced many struggles. He farmed because he needed a way of life to provide for his family. It wasn’t the ideal job, but it paid the bills. He eventually published the book of poems Into my Own, sold all of the poultry, and moved to New England with the money the poem brought in. Then he moved him and his family to England where he published â€Å"A Boy’s Will† in 1913. While in England heShow MoreRelatedThe Unnatural Life of Robert Frost683 Words   |  3 PagesThe Unnatural Life of R. Frost. One of the most humble of men to be awarded a modest four Pulitzer prizes and casually accept a Congressional Gold Medal for his works, Robert Frost arguably carried a literary movement and immortalized himself in history. While viewed as a naturalist, Frost is noted for the New England regionalism that is prevalent in his works. By acting on the world and surrendering to his poetry, Frost held a cynical mirror of bi-polarity to his world and developed it throughRead MoreThe Life Of Robert Frost ( 1874-1963 )1683 Words   |  7 PagesWhile he lived Robert Frost (1874-1963) enjoyed the recognition as an accomplished po-et. He was a multiple Pulitzer Prize recipient as well as of the honor of the Congressional Gold Medal. Considered one of the finest modernist poets of the twentieth century his poems to this day are admired for the depiction of the bucolic nature of New England and his practiced use of the everyday spoken word. Mr. Frost was born in California in later moving across the country to Lawrence, Massa-chusetts in 1885Read MoreRobert Frost s Life Through Poetry1745 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 23, 2016 Robert Frost Reflects Life Through Poetry It is easy to express your emotions, and feelings through poetry. Which is exactly what Robert Frost has done through his entire career. Each poem Robert Frost has written, has meaning behind it all. He has gone through an extreme amount of events, and tragedies in his life. Frost has been through an unimaginable amount of losses, deaths, and loneliness throughout his years. Throughout his life his poetry has had a huge impact on him, the situationsRead More The Theme of Life and Death in Birches, by Robert Frost Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Life and Death in Birches, by Robert Frost The poem Birches, by Robert Frost, illustrates the authors ability to take what seems to be the mundane activities of life and turn it into something that holds a deeper meaning. The poem taken literally revolves around a boy living on the New England countryside whose only play was what he found himself, in this case, riding birch branches. The poem is very literal in language but by analyzing each line, different themes and interpretationsRead MoreRobert Frost s Writing Style1589 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Frost once said, â€Å"The figure a poem makes. It begins in delight and ends in wisdom... in a clarification of life - not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (Robert Frost Quotes). This same kind of thinking opened the door for metaphorical poetry that helped to show the poets transparency. His love for the social outcast and the struggles of his life are exhibited greatly in his poems. Robert Frost helpedRead MoreEssay about Biography of Robert Frost1222 Words   |  5 PagesBiography of Robert Frost Robert Frost is perhaps one of Americas best poets of his generation. His vivid images of nature capture the minds of readers. His poems appear to be simple, but if you look into them there is a lot of insight. Robert Frost spoke at John F. Kennedys inauguration. He is the only poet to have had the opportunity to speak at a presidential inauguration. Through his poetry people learn that Robert Frost is a complicated and intellectual man who has a place in manyRead MoreEssay about Analysis of the Poems of Robert Frost1316 Words   |  6 Pagesthan Robert Frost. Robert Frost is a poet that is well known for his poetic contributions to nature, as well as his award winning poems. His poetic ability and knowledge make him an extraordinary author. His past; including schooling, family, and the era in which he wrote influenced nearly all of his poems in some way. This very famous poet contributed to the modernism era, had a family and an interesting life story, and a unique poetic st yle as well. The literary era in which Robert Frost wroteRead Moreâ€Å"New Hampshire† By Robert Frost1056 Words   |  5 Pages Robert Frost’s â€Å"New Hampshire† is not only is one of his longest poems but it also shows many different ideas that Frost may have had during his time in New Hampshire. The ideas presented in this poem range from poem styles to differences between states, advantages of being in New Hampshire, and even glimpses into the life of Robert Frost. The differences between the states Frost describes is obvious in this poem. Frost â€Å"[switches] back and forth between people the speaker has met and the conclusionsRead MoreRobert Frosts Stay against Confusion766 Words   |  3 Pages Term Paper: Robert Frost’s Stay against Confusion Robert Frost’s poetic techniques serve as his own â€Å"momentary stay against confusion,† or as a buffer against mortality and meaninglessness in several different ways; in the next few examples, I intend to prove this. Firstly, however, a little information about Robert Frost and his works must be provided in order to understand some references and information given. Robert Frost is an iconic poet in American literature today, and is seen as oneRead MoreBiography of Robert Lee Frost Essay650 Words   |  3 PagesBiography of Robert Lee Frost Biography of Robert Lee Frost A poem begins with a lump in the throat, a home-sickness or a love-sickness. It is a reaching-out toward expression; an effort to find fulfillment. A complete poem is one where an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found the words Robert Lee Frost once said. Robert Frost is widely admired and recognized for his literary works. He was an honored poet of the twentieth century. Frost may have lived a troubling life, but that

Poverty in Africa Free Essays

Africa – At the dawn of a new millennium, the continent that some say witnessed the birth of the first human civilizations — may be dying. As widespread drought, starvation and the unchecked spread of deadly diseases continue — the numbers of people dying on a daily basis throughout Africa is staggering. Causes of poverty in Africa In many parts of Africa, the production of food depends upon the intense manual labor of every family. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty in Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now When large areas of Africa are dislocated by war, or adults die from the scourge of AIDS, fields cannot be worked, and food cannot be produced. Many, especially women and children are forced to depend upon hand outs of food. Unpredictable weather can also aggravate the situation. The majority of the poor population in Western and Central Africa (about 100million people) are poor farmers who live in villages and farm just to feed themselves and their families. They depend mostly on agriculture for their livelihoods. However, about one in every five of these people live in a country affected by warfare. War destroys families and farms leaving most people with nothing at all but extreme poverty and starvation. Famine follows wars in most cases in Africa. poverty in Africa In conflict-torn countries such as Angola, Burundi, Mozambique, Liberia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Congo, Sierra Leon, and Uganda, the capacity of rural people to make a livelihood has been dramatically curtailed by warfare, and food production has plummeted. Lack of good drinking water Lack of good drinking water is another major problem in almost all African villages especially in desert countries like Niger, Sudan and Mali. Water is very scarce and lack of good drinking water is a major problem in Ethiopia and surrounding countries where most people and farm animals share same water sources. Children walk miles upon miles everyday to nearby streams to fetch water. Although there are many rivers and streams in the Western, Central, and Southern parts of Africa, good drinking water is a major problem in these areas. Most of the water sources in these areas are infested with water related diseases such as bilharzia, sleeping sickness, river blindness, guinea worm disease ( guinea worm disease is a major problem in Northern Ghana. 2010) and ofcourse malaria. Besides these, diseases such cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery and pneumonia continue to kill children in record numbers. Facts of poverty in Africa: †¢315 million people – one in two of people in Sub Saharan Africa survive on less than one dollar per day †¢184 million people – 33% of the African population – suffer from malnutrition †¢During the 1990s the average income per capita decreased in 20 African countries †¢Less than 50% of Africa’s population has access to hospitals or doctors †¢In 2000, 300 million Africans did not have access to safe water †¢The average life expectancy in Africa is 41 years †¢Only 57% of African children are enrolled in primary education, and only one of three children complete school †¢One in six children die before the age of 5. †¢Children account for half of all civilian casualties in wars in Africa †¢The African continent lost more than 5,3 million hectares of forest during the decade of the 1990s How to Help our continent †¢Having more educated women with greater rights could make the single biggest positive difference to reducing poverty, the rate of childhood diseases and death and the spread of AIDS in developing countries. †¢Reduce child mortality Thirty years ago, one in five children in the world died before their fifth birthday. This has now been halved to less than one in ten. Better access to vaccinations and other basic health services and improved living standards have contributed to a steep decline in global deaths among infants and children over the past 30 years. †¢Improve maternal health Every year, more than half a million women die from complications in pregnancy or childbirth. Almost all of them would still be alive if they had access to a skilled midwife or doctor in childbirth and effective emergency care for women who have complications. †¢Combat HIV and AIDS, malaria and other diseases In Africa, in 2003, some 26.6 million people were living with HIV, 3.2 million people became infected, and AIDS killed 2.3 million. †¢Develop a global partnership for development The targets in the global partnership for development millennium development goal include a fairer trading and financial system. Getting rid of barriers to trade could lift almost 300 million people in the developing world out of poverty. How to cite Poverty in Africa, Essay examples Poverty in Africa Free Essays Poverty in Africa More than 800 million people fall asleep starving every day, and 300 million of those 800 are only children. Poverty is a global crisis, something that affects many in a horrible way. â€Å"Poverty is going empty, with no hope for the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty in Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poverty is like watching your mother father, brothers and sisters die in pain and in sorrow just because they couldn’t get something to eat. † Poverty has been around for ages, and will always be around. It is always there and will always be a problem. It could have been avoided, and can be treated if we follow the Gospels. The Gospels have many parables and teachings about the poor, and we can link that to poverty today. Poverty affects many children in Africa. In Africa 40 to 70% of the population lives in slums, and the child mortality rate in those slums is 65% higher. The children in these slums live a terrible life. Here in Canada, we have houses and apartments, condos and duplexes; all of these living conditions are fine. Some people complain their house is too small, or they have to share a room. Imagine having no room to share or no house at all. When people complain about having a small house, they should imagine living in an overcrowded shack with no floors, no water, and no electricity. People in Africa have to live in those shacks. The church teaches us many helpful things. Jesus stands on side of the poor, and so must we. If we all put the needs of the poor in front of our own needs, we would not have children starving to death in Africa. The Rich Young Man (Matthew 19:16-30) is about a man that asks Jesus for eternal life, and what he will have to do to get it. Jesus asks tells him to sell all his possessions and give the money to the poor, the man sighs. Jesus also tells the man to follow the 10 commandments. The religious truth is to follow the 10 commandments and to be kind, and donate to the poor. The Judgement of the Nations (Matthew 25:31-46) is about the Lord separating the good people from bad. He tells the good thank-you for caring about him, and he tells the bad they did not help him. Both groups question and say they did nothing to him. God then says the good people did something for the poor, and the bad people did nothing for the poor. The religious truth in this is to treat the poor as if they are God. Poverty is a huge problem and it can be treated, and could have been avoided. If we followed the Gospels, and we followed what God told us to do, we wouldn’t have this problem. People are very ignorant, and think for themselves. If we all gave 5% of our pay checks to starving children it would make a huge difference. Even if everyone follows the 10 commandments, poverty would improve. The world is full of billions and billions of people live in the world today, and if even a third of those billions tried to help poverty we would see a difference. People need to start thinking about the poor more. We should all treat the poor, as if they are God. We should act as if each of those starving children we’re a piece of God. If someone saw God starving and in pain, they would help him. With poverty, it should be the same way. We should see people who are hungry, or even know of people who are hungry, and we should help them in some way. The Gospels teach us this, and many people read the Gospels, so why don’t people do it. People should do what the Gospel’s say and we would have a lot less people who are dying, and starving. How to cite Poverty in Africa, Papers

Notes Apush Chapter free essay sample

Percent Plan, he proposed that as soon as 10 percent of the voting population in the 1 860 election took an Oath and established a government, it would be recognized. Replaced majority with loyal rule, promised pardons to ex;confessed B. Congress and the Wade-Davis Bill Congress was not happy Lincoln didnt consult them. Responding negatively to Lincoln Reconstruction plan, Thatched Stevens advocated a conquered province theory, the South waged war as a foreign nation, thus, they should be treated like one, and Charles Sumner advanced a state suicide theory. In July 1 864, Congress passed the Wade-Davis bill by which the process of readmission to the Union was to be harsh and slow. Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill. Wade-David Bill- To reenter the Union 1. A majority of white males had to participate in government 2. To vote or be a delegate in Constitutional conventions they had to take an ironclad (oath saying they never supported the confederacy) 3. All ranks above Lieutenant couldnt become citizens of the United States C. Thirteenth Amendment and the Freedmans Bureau Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment on January 31, 1865. On March 3, 1865, Congress created the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands to aid southern refugees- provided food, medical services, schooling, and jobs for refugees. Petitions were started by women and the public, the amendment outlawed involuntary slavery and said the govern couldnt change it The landscape was in ruins along with the economy, many families faced starvation Ill. The Meanings of Freedom A. The Feel of Freedom Many former slaves began to explore freedom by searching for family members or exercising their right of mobility.Others reacted more cautiously. Most settled as workers on their former farms or plantation but attempted to control the conditions of their labor. B. Reunion of African American Families Relying on the black community in the South, thousands of former slaves began odysseys to find family members. Ads were put in the papers. C. Blacks Search for Independence Many blacks tried to avoid contact with overbearing whites by abandoning their slave quarters and relocating their houses. Some even established all black settlements. They wanted the sense of freedom D.African Americans Desire for Land Next to freedom, blacks wanted land most of all. Since they could not secure solid support in the North, however, few obtained their dream of independence. Blacks were given land but President Johnson took it away and eve it back to the Whites. They wanted a secure promise the land would still be theirs after they cultivated it E. The Black Embrace of Education Many African Americans eagerly sought an education. They paid $1-1. 50 a month for education if needed. They really wanted to learn. Federal aid and northern charity helped start thousands of schools for freedmen in the South. Many black leaders were very well educated; they established many universities and colleges alongside the whites. F. Growth of Black Churches In an effort to gain more independence from whites, African Americans established their own churches, which became the social center of their new freedom. Black establishments used to be hidden; now they could freely worship. The church was the wealthiest institution in Black life. G. Rise Of the Sharecropping System Blacks could not get credit, and sharecropping became widespread.Sharecropping was where the landowner would receive payment by the crop grown on their land, usually half would be given to them and the other half would be for the black farmer. Owners often cheated their tenants. The main crop was cotton which lost its value IV. Johnnys Reconstruction Plan A. Who Was Andrew Johnson? Johnson was the only senator from a seceded state (Tennessee) who refused to follow his state out of the union. At heart he was really a Jackson Democrat, not a Republican. He believed in limited government and was a white supremacist. As a senator he favored the small farmers over the aristocrats. B.Johnnys Leniency and Racial Views Johnnys believable black suffrage could never be imposed on a southern state by the federal government put him on a collision course with the Radical Republicans. C. Johnnys Pardon Policy Johnson hoped to keep prewar leaders from participating in the Reconstructed South. Nevertheless, he ended up pardoning most of them and thus restored the old elite. People had to apply directly to Johnson for pardoning. He appointed his own governors to keep the old ones out of power. Only southerners who took the oath of loyalty could vote for or against reconstruction so there was little opposition in the votes.Unpardoned men and former slave couldnt vote. Many former elites were returned into power, even the UP of the confederacy D. Black Codes Johnnys pardons upset many Republicans, but the discriminatory black codes revealed the depth of southern defiance. Blacks had to abide by the rules of their landowners, almost returning them to their slave status. V. The Congressional Reconstruction Plan Congress had the power of admission of states. They believed they had the right to change and alter the reconstruction plans. What was the relationship between the South and Union now that the war happened?Conservatives believed that the South was conquered and it was subject to the rule of the conquering country. A. The Radicals The Radicals wanted to transform the South, and they were willing to exclude it from the Union until they had achieved their goal. By refusing to work with noncreative and moderate Republicans, Johnson and the Democrats forced them to work with the Radicals. B. Congress Wrests Control from Johnson Congress worked to extend the Freedmans Bureau and to pass a civil rights law counteracting the black codes. Johnson vetoed these bills, ending hopes of compromise. This showed Johnnys own racism against colored people C.The Fourteenth Amendment This amendment gave citizenship to freedmen, prohibited states from interfering with constitutional rights, declared the Confederate war debt null and void, barred Confederate leaders from holding state and federal office, ND punished any state that restricted extension of the right to vote to black men. This was a major move in African American rights. It excluded women altogether in the right to vote and gained much protest from womens rights groups. D. The Souths and Johnnys Defiance, 1 866 At the urging of President Johnson, all southern states except Tennessee rejected the Fourteenth Amendment.Having won overwhelmingly in the 1 866 congressional elections, Republicans decided to form new southern state governments. Johnson personally went and spoke about how Radicals were traitors for taking over reconstruction E. The Reconstruction Acts of 867-1868 Congress set up five military districts in the South, guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in elections for state constitutional conventions, required congressional approval of all new state constitutions, and declared that southern states must accept the Fourteenth Amendment. First Reconstruction Act admitted all states back into the Union. F. The Failure of Land Redistribution Thatched Stevens (radical) failed to win approval for his plan to confiscate and redistribute land in the former Confederate states. G. Constitutional Crisis Congress passed a number of controversial laws, including the Tenure of Office Act (gave the senate the power to approve changes in the presidents cabinet), by overriding presidential vetoes. Johnson proceeded to take several belligerent steps, including removal of Secretary of War Stanton and giving power to civil governments and the military. These all got vetoed by Johnson then overridden by a 2/3 vote in congress..Congressional tyranny? H. Impeachment of Prestidigitation After Johnson removed Secretary of War Stanton, Congress impeached the president. This had been tried twice before. Although acquitted in the Senate, Johnson suffered politically. L. Election of 1 868 Grant, a supporter of congressional Reconstruction and of black suffrage in the South, won the 1868 presidential election against Horopito Seymour. Republicans supported congressional reconstruction and black suffrage in the South where Democrats supported white supremacy and denounced reconstruction J.Fifteenth Amendment In 1 869, Radicals succeeded in passing the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Voting rights of women could still be denied and other tests could be enacted to deny voting to other groups. With this many saw reconstruction as finished. VI. Reconstruction Politics in the South A. White Resistance Whites in the South resisted Reconstruction. Some denied freedom to their slaves, while others prevented blacks from getting land. B. Black Voters and Emergence of a Southern Republican party Thanks to a large black voter turnout and restrictions on prominent Confederates, a new southern Republican Party controlled the state constitutional conventions of 1868-1870. C. Triumph of Republican Governments Republican victory in the South meant that for the first time black citizens gained political office. Southern Republicans worked to build white support for the party. D. Industrialization Republican governments tried to industrialized the South, but higher taxes for that purpose drew money away from education and other reforms.E. Republican Policies on Racial Equality Economic progress remained uppermost in the minds of most southern blacks. They accepted segregated facilities in return for other opportunities. F. The Myth of Negro Rule Southern Conservatives used economic and social pressure on blacks as well as inflammatory racist propaganda to undermine congressional Reconstruction. G. Carpetbaggers and Scalawags In their propaganda, Conservatives labeled northerners seeking economic opportunity as carpetbaggers and white southerners who supported the Republicans as scalawags. H. Tax Policy and Corruption as Political Wedges Although an increase in taxes was necessary just to maintain traditional services, Republican tax policies aroused strong opposition. The corruption with which Republicans were charged was often true. L. UK Klux Klan The UK Klux Klan terrorized black leaders in an effort to curb their support for the Republicans. J. Failure Of Reconstruction A number of things brought about the collapse of the Republican regimes, forcing them out of office before they instituted social and economic reforms.

The Last Night Of Ballyhoo Production Critique Essay Example For Students

The Last Night Of Ballyhoo Production Critique Essay This paper is a critique of a production of The Last Night of Ballyhoo, a play written by Alfred Uhry, which was performed and produced by the Ball State University Theatre. Gilbert L. Bloom directed the production and was very successful with producing a truly entertaining, comedic play with an important message about the personal dilemmas that we as individuals with different beliefs and values must encounter in our daily lives. All elements of the production were wonderfully implemented making The Last Night of Ballyhoo quite a success. The performers were perfect for the roles in which they were cast. For example, Lalas (Erin Rae Lengkeek) character is supposed to be a romantic dreamer and very childlike. The actress who portrayed Lala did an excellent job even her voice and attitude were quite appropriate for the role. Likewise, the actress who played Sunny (Jennie L. Keller) also did a fabulous job of portraying her character. Sunnys character had a more mature attitude and therefore presented herself in a more adult manner then her cousin Lala. Her physical features also differed from Lalas; Sunny was tall, broad and had an assertive voice. Lala on the other hand was shorter, looked to have had a bit of baby fat left on her frame and had a childish voice. The other characters also were well cast for their roles, for example Peachy (Matthew Hickman) was described to the audience as having bright red hair and was portrayed though his telephone conversation with Lala as having a joking, wisecracking attitude. And sure enough when Peachy made his first appearance all these characteristics could be seen. Lala, Sunny and Peachy are just a few of the characters that were cast in the play. Be assured, however, that all the others were also suitably cast for their roles in the production. Thus, making the character selection only one of the key elements in the productions success. We will write a custom essay on The Last Night Of Ballyhoo Production Critique specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When it came to the dialogue of the production and the understanding of it the performers again did an excellent job. Their gestures and vocal elements all aided in the productions success and were all fittingly used by the characters. For example, when Lala was talking on the phone with Peachy she casually twirled the phone cord in her hand, leaned against the banister and childishly flirted with Peachy. When it came to sound quality all characters projected their voices well and enunciated clearly. The southern accents used by the characters played an important role in the over all success of the production. Not only did it help to aid in giving the viewer an idea of the setting of the play, but also aided in the over feel and mood of the production. The technical aspects of the production such as scenery, properties and costumes also played a keynote in the productions success. The scenery was fabulous it truly made the play. It was very realistic and extremely vibrant. Almost the entire play was performed in one setting, except for the railcar and dance scenes. The house, the main setting, was magnificent with painstakingly placed detail in every corner. All elements in the house matched wonderfully, for example the furniture, the photos on the wall, the telephone and even the trash can. Little bits of detail were everywhere adding to the beautification of the set, for example the lace decorations on the chairs, the etched glass above the front door and even the Christmas tree. The properties also were wonderfully used, for example Lalas photograph of Scarlet OHara, which she proudly displayed upon her arrival home from the movies. Many other properties were used though out the play such as the luggage in the boxcar, the candles on the dinner table and the umbrella given back to Reba (Lynn Downey) from their previous cook. There were a lot of properties used in the production, all which aided in the success of the production. The costumes were also quite be autiful and wonderfully tailored to each character. The many different dresses belonging to Lala were the most striking of all the costumes; especially her green ball gown that resembled the one Scarlet OHara wore in Gone with the Wind. .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 , .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 .postImageUrl , .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 , .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49:hover , .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49:visited , .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49:active { border:0!important; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49:active , .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49 .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u24d1e758d2ec4acba90b8a2e0ac05d49:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dear Bethany... EssayLalas dresses were a lot more colorful and extravagant them those of Sunny. Sunny on the other hand wore dresses that were more toned down and mature in appearance. This difference in costume selection for both the character of Lala and Sunny is quite appropriate for each of them and thus fits their personalities. The same is also seen in the selection of costumes for Peachy and Joe (Brad Coolidge). Peachy like his girlfriend Lala is more apt to wear clothing that is glamorous and attention getting, such as his tuxedo with tails he wore to the dance. Joe on the other hand is more of a casual, plain guy, like his girlfriend Sunny, who wore a suit to the dance. Each performer in the play wore clothing that was appropriate to his or her character. All costumes seemed to be worn in comfort and ease, even though Lala did portray her Scarlet OHara dress as being difficult to wear due to its large hoop shirt. When it came to the sound, music and lighting again all of the elements fit together beautifully. The sounds were right on the mark, such as the train whistle during the boxcar scenes. The music was also right on key and appropriately used for the scenes, for example the playing of the Christmas chorals and who can forget the playing of the theme from Gone with the Wind when Lala walks down the staircase wearing her Scarlet OHara look alike dress. The music during this scene of the play was very humorous and added to the comical aspects of the production. The volume was just enough during the play and not once were the characters voices muffled. The lighting was also well used though out the play and came and went at just the right time tho ugh out the performance. Again the lighting also added to the humorous aspects of the play, for example when Lala was walking down the stairs, wearing her green Scarlet OHara dress and the theme from Gone with the Wind was playing the lighting on the set made it look as if she was in a dream like state. The lighting was also very effectively used to show the coming and going of cars on the set. The reflection of lights on the front door of the house were used resemble those of an automobile. Even the final scene had just enough absence of light that the shadows of the characters could be seen sitting around the dinner table and praying by candlelight. At the very end of the performance the candles were extinguished consuming the set in blackness in turn signifying the end of the production. My mother went and viewed the performance of The Last Night of Ballyhoo the night before I did. She acquainted me with the meaning of Ballyhoo and the plot of the play. She stated that the play w as well done and I would enjoy it. I dont believe I have seen I better play this year. It was wonderfully put together and very funny and Im not just saying that because the director is my theatre instructor. I wish I hadnt seen the play on the last night of the performance, because I would have loved to see it again.

Average National SAT Scores for 2015

Average National SAT Scores for 2015 SAT Score Frequently Asked Questions    In 2015, you registered  for the SAT  and took it along with  1,698,521 of your closest high school friends, which is a pretty sizable feat considering your complete aversion to all things standardized tests, right? And now, youre sitting there with your SAT score report in hand, wondering how all of those other college applicants fared on this test.  Am I  right? If youre anything like students before you, and maybe even those students who come after you, youre going to want to know how your SAT score compares to other SAT scores. Below, youll read several fun facts about the average national SAT scores for 2015 according to gender, ethnicity, and even household income.   If youre interested in knowing the average SAT scores for students entering the top public schools in the country and those for the  top private schools, then check out the links. Otherwise, keep reading.   Overall SAT Scores for 2015 Heres where we talk mean. And Im not talking about being a jerk. Im referring to the mathematical mean, which is the average of a set of numbers. In this case, the mean is the average SAT score of every student who took the test from the fall of 2014 through June of 2015.   Here are the mean scores for all testers by section: Overall: 1497Critical Reading: 495Mathematics: 511Writing: 484 SAT Scores By Gender It isnt often fun to find out that people of your gender are performing worse than people of another gender, but here you have it in black and white. Males, youre leading in Critical Reading and Math. Females, youre ahead in Writing. Next year, these numbers will be dramatically different, considering the Redesigned SAT has an entirely different scoring system.   Critical Reading:Males: 497Females: 493Mathematics:Males: 527Females: 496Writing:Males: 478Females: 490 SAT Scores By Reported Annual Income I hate to say it, but it appears as though the kids with the wealthiest parents are the smartest kids in the universe. Just kidding, just kidding. Lets screw on our thinking caps and consider what these numbers imply. Perhaps kids with wealthier parents are just graced with above-average test-taking skills, OR, these statistics could  mean that kids with a little bit more cash have  parents who are more willing to purchase SAT prep  or  shell out the moolah for retakes. I dont know. We could conjecture all day on this subject, but the stats do not lie; parents making more money produce kids with higher SAT scores. Look: $0 - $20,000Critical Reading: 433Math: 455Writing: 426$20,000 - $40,000Critical Reading: 466Math: 479Writing:454$40,000 - $60,000Critical Reading: 488Math: 497Writing: 473$60,000 - $80,000Critical Reading: 503Math: 510Writing: 487$80,000 - $100,000Critical Reading: 517Math: 526Writing: 501$100,000 - $120,000Critical Reading: 528Math: 539Writing: 514$120,000 - $140,000Critical Reading: 531Math: 542Writing: 518$140,000 - $160,000Critical Reading: 539Math: 551Writing: 526$160,000 - $200,000Critical Reading: 545Math: 557Writing: 534$200,000 and moreCritical Reading: 570Math: 587Writing: 563 SAT Scores By Ethnicity Although there is definitely no causal relationship between ethnicity and SAT scores, it can be interesting to take a peek at the differences among us when it comes to test-taking. Here are the mean overall scores by ethnicity. American Indian or Alaska Native: 1423Asian, Asian-American or Pacific Islander: 1654Black of African-American: 1277Mexican or Mexican-American: 1343Puerto Rican: 1357Latin-American, Central-American, South-American or Other Latino: 1345White: 1576Other: 1496 2015 SAT Scores Summary So, it would appear that if really interested in getting a fantastic SAT score, you should sign up to be in a family that brings in more than $200,000 per year, ensure that youre male, and become (or remain) Asian. If that doesnt work, theres always free SAT practice quizzes, free SAT apps, and the best SAT books out there.   SAT Scores for 2012SAT Scores for 2013SAT Scores for 2014

Memoir Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Memoir Assignment - Essay Example untry to another- they don’t suffer from anxiety or added worry trying to conform to new surroundings or adjusting to a culturally oriented society, totally different from their own, but definitely, they are missing out on an exciting part of their lives. When speaking of myself though, I’ve had the good chance of this happening to me and that too, at such an opportune moment. I had to adapt myself to mass differences socially, culturally, economically, and even in a somewhat spiritual manner as well. These changes hadn’t been easy for me and needless to say, I don’t see how they’d be easy for anyone. It was a day like any other; a sunny April morning, the heat of which had been whetted the night before, due to the chill April showers. I had taken a shower and had spruced myself up with an expensive after – shave. I wore my brightest shirt with jeans and moved with an air of conquering the world. My life changed dramatically when I was just in my teens, the picture of which is clearly etched forever in my minds eye. I was drawing back the floral blinds, allowing the cool fresh air to engulf me and savoring every minute of it, when my dad’s rumbling tone was heard just within my bedroom door. Dad continued, â€Å"Never mind†¦don’t say anything, because parents know what’s best for their kid and I have better plans for you to make a success of your future, and yes, by the way, we are throwing a small send off party for you, so invite all your friends and we’ll have a great time before we see you off. My brother, your uncle Jim, in Alabama has generously consented to put you up for the next year since you are going to High School. I was confusion confounded as I heard the door slam shut! Oh, My God! I was almost terrified out of my wits. Confusion blocked my thinking and a lurking fear hit me in the pit of my stomach like a sledge hammer. Taiwan, my hometown was the be all and end all of my life. Everything in my environment seemed perfect

Film Thesis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Film Thesis paper - Essay Example In The Big Sleep, which is the first film version of the 1939 novel in the same title by Raymond Chandler, Humphrey Bogart stars as detective Philip Marlowe and Lauren Bacall plays the role of the female lead. Breathless (the French title bout de souffle literally means 'at breath's end'), which achieved international acclaim in the nouvelle vague along with other two movies, was highly recognized for its bold visual style and the innovative editing use of jump cuts. Howard Hawks' film is celebrated as an important Hollywood realist film which treats its subject, theme, and story in a realist manner, and it was highly appreciated by the U.S. Library of Congress, which preserved the film to the National Film Registry in 1997. Through its audacious visual style and the inventive editing use of jump cuts, Breathless is celebrated as a significant example of "anti-realist" film. A comparative analysis of these two essential films brings out significant facts about the various elements of the two genres. Therefore, this paper undertakes a reflective analysis of 'culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant' film The Big Sleep (a Hollywood "realist" film) by Howard Hawks and the French New Wave film Breathless (an "anti-realist" film) by Jean Luc Godard, in order to compare and contrast the theme, narrative, tone, acting, and genre of the two movies. The Howard Hawks film The Big Sleep is one of the most powerful and complex noir movies in the history of the genre and represents the rotten sweetness of corruption through the narration and themes. As the realist version of a celebrated novel, the film depends greatly on the narrative and themes to reflect the story in an effective manner. To several critics, the director has even excelled the author of the novel to represent various significant details of the plot and the narrative of the film is a reflection of this success. "Howard Hawks' The Big Sleep is one of the truly great Hollywood pictures: the Raymond Chandler novel is brought to the screen with panache and authority, and the chemistry between Bogart and Bacall is unsurpassed. While the protagonist lovers are good guys and there is no femme-fatale, the movie has a strong noir aura. The darkly lit atmosphere and strong sexual tension shape our response to a grim and dissolute nether world where PI Philip Marlowe doggedly solves an enigma within a mystery in a plot so convoluted not even the film-makers fully understood it." (The Big Sleep (1946): Love's Vengeance Lost) In the narrative of the film, the director presents a number of murders throughout the film which complicate the audience in easily figuring out the full plot of the story. Significantly, a careful spectator of the film feels that he is left in a world of ambiguity and chaos, similar to the case-hardened private detective Philip Marlowe. Therefore, the realist version of the film through its narrative helps the director in reaching the audience more efficiently. The director has been able to bring about his recurring romantic configuration through the n

Organizational Behavior---Individual Assignment Instruction Essay

Organizational Behavior---Individual Assignment Instruction - Essay Example An example of an organizational conflict that I witnessed was in a company that I worked part time during the last summer. In this organization, Faith, the chief engineer in charge of new product development brought a list of items to George, the procurement officer for purchase. However, George failed to sanction the purchase claiming that the products were too expensive and did not meet the cost cutting threshold that had been imposed by the organization. However, faith believed that George did not have trust in her abilities and hence the reason why he was constantly fighting her anytime a new spare needed to be purchased. To resolve this conflict, the business unit vice president ordered the two to report to the same executive who would evaluate the purchase orders in terms of cost-effectiveness and quality. This change of structure aligned the hitherto incompatible goals. In the case of the conflict between George and Faith, it was resolved by altering the organizational structure to fit the two parties. However, I have realized that in most cases most of the organizational conflict happens in teams. Wherever such conflict happens, the easiest solution would be to change the group composition. However, there are other times when the conflict is as a result of varying styles and values among team members. Naturally, when that occurs, the first thing that comes to the leaders mind is to replace the team members that do not agree with the styles or preferences of the teams. Over the years, I have observed that removing some people from the team may not always be possible since their skills might be needed or there might not be an available replacement for them. In the event that this happens, the most sensible way to mitigate such conflict is through focusing the team’s attention on a common enemy such as the competition. When people or even departments are taught on how to focus their attention on the enemies facing them instead of

Business Strategy Affecting Information Systems And Organizational Decisions Commerce Essay

Business Strategy Affecting Information Systems And Organizational Decisions Commerce Essay A strategy can be defined as a plan. A business strategy can be defined as an explicit description of the strategic destination of a business in terms of what it targets to achieve, as well as the road map of getting to that place or operational status quo. Such a strategy is the means through which an enterprise communicates its vision, mission statement and set objectives. In response to various market forces such as demand and supply, the managers of a company devise this business strategy. To achieve set organizational goals, managers make various decisions which are key to the optimization of processes and resources. Such decisions include financing decisions; investment decisions; operational decisions among others. Hence the need for any organizations information systems to offer the best decision making support to management. An information system is an organized combination of interrelated components which are people resources; computer software and hardware resources and in frastructure which operate within set boundaries to achieve a common goal. There is strong link between a business strategy and the IS (Information System) strategy as well as the organizational strategy of any business. Prosperous business entities come up with an overruling business strategy which dictates the complementary IS and organizational strategy to be employed. The relationship between these three strategies is called the Information Systems Strategy Triangle. According to the Information System Strategy Triangle, understanding business strategy means providing answers to the questions listed below: 1. What is the business goal or objective? 2. What is the plan for achieving it? What is the role of IS in this plan? 3. Who are the crucial competitors and co-operators, and what is required of a successful player in this value net? ( Adapted from Stephanie Overby, Found to Fail CIO Magazine, May 1, 2005, pp. 49-54). Managements decisions about the organizational structure, staffing issues and other elements of the organizational strategy and decisions regarding IS components such as hardware and software applications are all dependent on the type of strategy which a business adopts and pursues. There is therefore the need to balance these three strategies though organizational design which positions the IS and organizational strategies as complements of the business strategy. As such, the business strategy affects the information systems and organizational strategy of a company in that any changes in a firms business environment not only necessitate business process re-engineering or rethinking the business strategy of giants such as Roche, but revamping the IS infrastructure as well. Where a firm designs its business strategy to use IS to gain a competitive advantage, constant innovation in IS becomes necessary (Stephanie Overby, Found to Fail CIO Magazine, May 1, 2005, pp. 49-54) Resultantly, the three strategies must be constantly reassessed. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ QUESTION 2 : What generic strategy does Roche appear to be using based on this case? Provide a rationale for your response. Roche mainly employs the Innovation strategy through the use of IT, driving change in organizational culture and the consequent change in business processes. Firstly the innovation strategy is evident in that the organization has had to embrace and organizational revolution to accommodate the technological revolution. The shift in approach in Research and Development Roche moves towards a system which encourages a warmer style of teamwork as opposed to the ultra competitive culture in which scientists fought for scarce resources and did not encourage flow of information. In the new system, the preferred team members are young, ambitious researchers with the agility to handle change. Klaus Lindpaintner, Roches worldwide head of genetics research says A young researcher can be fully up to speed with the most modern stuff and be less distracted by all of the other things that 50 year-olds focus on. In addition, there is increased interaction between researcher from different background s or technical expertise for example biologists and statisticians collaborating on how to use data from a Genechip experiment. Secondly, as Roches business strategy has resulted in the generation of large amounts for data which need to be screened and processed, the innovation strategy is seen in the information technology that the company employs to deal with this flood of data, for example the Zeiss machine which is used to increase efficiency and speed in the screening of potential drugs, shortening the time it takes to get the product on the market. Innovation is also demonstrated in the way Roches computer services experts had to devise a way to use computer capacity effectively, for the storage of raw data and experiments. Roche has quite evidently begun a form of Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) as a response to the new breakthroughs in medical research. The beginning of research cycle has changed and has more possibilities, as a result the processes that follow have to upgraded to handle the increased volume of information, as a result Roches business will be completely remodelled over time. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. QUESTION 3: Apply the hyper-competition model to Roche. Which of the 7 Ss are demonstrated in this case? The hyper-competition models chief proponent is Richard DAveni, the professor of business strategy at the Amos Tuck School at Dartmouth College. Mr. Daveni believes that business can no longer be business as usual due to shifting market rules which render it impossible, in an extended time frame, to sustain a companys competitive advantage. The world over, the business environment has slid into a status of hyper-competition where survival for any business goes beyond issues to do with maximizing profits. To ensure that a business continues and survives there is a need for business entities is to focus strategic energies on toppling the market leader by eliminating their present competitive advantage. This new paradigm comes in the wake of four main contributors to the new age of hyper-competition, which are adjusted consumer preferences and the resultant changes in product and service demand; constant upgrades; research and development in the field of information technology; world globalization which merge all nations into one global market thus nullifying geographical and industry divides, and deep pockets among competitors (Daveni). Due to the impact of the four forces listed above, there is need to devise new ways of upsetting the market. Mr. DAveni came up with a new set of rules key in this new era of hyper-competition, and labeled these simultaneous or sequential strategic thrusts , strategic soothsaying, surprise, speed signals, shifting the rules and stakeholder satisfaction. Ground breaking developments in human genomics as well as molecular biology in the Pharmaceuticals industry sparked the need for Roche to adopt Davenis new set of rules to stay afloat in the world of hyper-competition. The following are the Ss which are demonstrated in the case study for Roche Group. 3.1 SOOTHSAYING, i.e. Discontinuing the pursuance of obsolete business thrusts and ideas in favour of currently applicable methodologies of innovation and team collaboration. Ensuring a speedy and timely identification of peoples susceptibility to illness or infirmity. Roche hires new employees and leverages on existing employees to best prepare for efficient implementation of new ideas. 3.2 STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION Effective maneuvering of Roches value chain to maximize value addition to cancer drugs, thereby increasing their profitability and efficiency in treating cancer ailments. Ensuring a speedy detection of side effects caused by the use of certain drugs such as probable toxicity. Employing the Gene Chip to aid treatment and monitoring of patients, which translates to better health care insurance for Roches customers. Maximizing returns to shareholders by producing competitive pharmacy drugs which best meet customer expectations. 3.3 SPEED Critically evaluating and analyzing large volumes of data in a shorter period of time using the Zeiss machine. Achieving the rapid discovering of new and better pharmacy drugs and nipping in the bud toxicity risks through early identification. Team collaboration in favour of encouraging scientific team competition means that teams take lesser time to be productive due to the pool of intellectual capital, unlike where individual teams would be stuck with outdated ideas, trying to preserve their careers. 3.4 SIMULTANEOUS AND SEQUENTIAL THRUST. Researchers can now consider multiple ideas on a daily basis rather than to spend years focusing on one idea. Having different initiatives running at different times. 3.5 SURPRISE Investing in new technology 3.6 SIGNALLING Developing markers for cancer Media briefing showing the direction market will take. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ QUESTION 4 : How do information systems support Roches business strategy? Roches business strategy has resulted in the generation of large amounts of data which needs to be processed screened, analyzed then either discarded or stored. 4.1 Screening The head of clinical research believed that the best hope of finding new drugs fast would be to test as much compounds as possible and discarding as quickly as possible, those that had lower odds of succeeding. This resulted in the procurement the Carl Zeiss machine which has assisted Roche with efficient and faster testing of compounds per day.. 4.2 Processing / Experimenting- the Genechip has assisted Roche in reducing the time it takes to identify disease markers when conducting experiments on tissue samples. This contributes positively to the business strategy in that it increases the speed at which new products can be identified and developed. 4.3 Storage All the data generated as a result of Roches new strategy which is experiments that are either discarded or continuing with further investigation needs to be stored on the companys data systems. Roches computers services experts have had to devise an effective way of storage that ensures that all the employees are allocated sufficient storage in their respective areas of responsibility. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦

The Role of the Princess in Jean Cocteau’s Film Orpheus Essay examples

The Role of the Princess in Jean Cocteau’s Film Orpheus â€Å"As he lay in his bed, Orpheus’ Death would watch him sleep.† This is one of the most notable reoccurring behaviors of the princess of death in Jean Cocteau’s Orpheus. As made apparent, one of the many differences between Cocteau’s version of Orpheus and the Greek version is that death is personified through a female princess, rather than that of a male god. How does Cocteau embody death through the princess, is she all powerful, does she escape mortal tendencies, and finally, what does all this suggest about death? Throughout history death has been a fascination to many authors, often personified as cruel, rigid, and ugly. In Cocteau’s Orpheus, however, death (or perhaps merely a face of death), is personified through a beautiful and strong, young woman. While this faà §ade fools Cocteau’s characters, he uses many clues to indicate the princess’s role such as appearance, dialogue, and actions. In the first scene we are introduced to the princess when she appears at the social cafe with Cegeste, a distinguished and unruly young poet. While her role at this point remains unclear, her powerful stature is clear. She steps out of her car with grace yet confidence, making eye contact with no one, yet holding her head high. Immediately she is noticed by Orpheus, by both her beauty and authority. Her clothing is dark; black long skirt and black jacket, and her hair is worn sleeked back in a pony tail. All this indicates authority, but the color choice further indicates a cool, dark presence. Throughout the film, as the princess’s mood changes, her wardrobe also changes, from business like to more romantic and seductive. Despite these changes, one thing remains constant, the co... ...ponding to her abuse of power. While she did possess powers, she did not possess the authority of when to exercise those powers. In Jean Cocteau’s Orpheus, he has personified death through a beautiful princess. Throughout the film, many common beliefs of death were challenged, from those more trivial such as how death may appear, to whether it be an all-powerful occurrence, or managed under some higher power. By using the princess as death’s personification, he weakened the idea of death; suggesting that while it is beyond the hands of mere mortals a higher power is in control. As the princess took life through personal motive, perhaps there, too, is motive behind whatever power controls death. I believe Cocteau is suggesting that we live in a world where death comes to not only those deserving, but to bystanders who happen to be in the way of a personal goal.